Testing Animated Views in iOS Apps: Expert Guidance!

Testing Animated Views in iOS Apps: Expert Guidance!
   
Animations offer fluid visual transactions between the various states of an app UI. In iOS application development, animations are used for repositioning views or modifying their sizes and also for hiding views or removing views from hierarchies. Animations play a vital role in implementing amazing visual effects in the application and also convey visual feedback for users’ actions. And, the outcome is an engaging & dynamic UI and an elevated UX for iOS app users.
An animated view is a custom view that changes its look or appearance in response to some context. For example, a carousel layout has several slides that change in size and appearance in response to the user’s interaction. However, animated views will function as expected and provide an amazing UX only if they are tested correctly. And, it’s challenging to test animated views in iOS apps as animations involve time-based modifications in the UI.
This post enlists the right strategies and guides you through the correct process of testing animated views in iOS applications.

Key Steps to test animated views in iOS

Identify the Animated View and its Components

An animated view refers to a view with an animated behaviour or presentation. Here, there’ll be different components like images, buttons, labels, and other elements of the UI. So, the very first step before you start to test animated views in iOS is to identify the animated view along with its components. You need to consider the following factors:
  • Identify the type of animation you intend to use in the app -zoom in/zoom out, fade in/fade out, slide in/slide out, etc.
  • Set the duration time of the animation – the time taken for the completion of the animation. Decide on this time very carefully as it determines the effect of your animation.
  • Identify the specific user interactions or the particular events that will trigger the animation to function. Examples of such triggers include scrolling, button tapping, etc.
  • Examine how accurately and precisely the animation will be working or behaving.
  • Check how the animation is impacting the app’s CPU, performance, and memory usage.
  • Consider the feedback app users will get during and after the animation – visual indicators or haptic feedback.
Proper identification of the animated view and its components holds significance while you conduct testing in Software Development projects. It will help you break down the test process into smaller and more manageable parts.

Set up the Test Environment

Now, you need to set up a test environment that will enable you to inspect the views and manipulate them during various phases of the animation. Check out the key steps for this.
Create a separate test target and also separate files for every component. This way, you can verify every component’s expected behavior separately. For creating a separate target for your test environment, go to ‘File’, then ‘New,’ and then ‘Target.’ Select the “iOS Unit Testing Bundle” present under the “Test” section. A new target gets created. You can use this target for writing tests for animated views. Also, create a test class for the animated views. This class should contain test cases that will simulate various stages of the animation process and assert that the views are going to function as desired.
Now, configure a test fixture that contains the view you’ll test. Here, there can be any essential dependencies like data sources or view models. You also need to set up mock objects for dependencies like data sources or any other views and create the necessary test data.
The aforementioned steps will help you to set up a test environment for animations during iOS application development. This will enable you to conduct the testing process in a controlled and repeatable manner.

Write Unit Tests for the underlying logic of the iOS App

Break down the animations into small-sized components and then test each component individually. This practice is better than testing the whole animation in a single go. Here’s an example. There’s a custom view that gets animated when tapped. Here, you need to check whether the view changes when you tap on it and whether the view’s color changes when you tap it. You should also ensure that the view animates smoothly without any jerks.
Now, identify the components present in the animation. Write test cases for every component to verify whether the components are working as desired. It’s recommended to use the Apple-provided XCTest framework for writing the tests. For instance, XCTestExpectation allows you to wait for the animation to get completed before you make any assertions. With this tool, you can test the behavior of the view at various phases of the animation.
Animations are likely to have dependencies like other views or data sources on other portions of the application. So, you need to isolate your tests and improve their reliability. For this, you need to use mock objects for the dependencies. This way, you will be able to test the app’s animation logic without having to worry about the other parts of the iOS application.

Debug using the in-built Debug Tools for Animations in Xcode

Xcode comes with a wide range of in-built debug tools that facilitate debugging animations. Such tools help you understand how the animations are functioning and identify bugs. Thanks to these tools, you can perform actions like setting breakpoints in your code for pausing the animation at particular points so that you can investigate the view’s state. As such, you can identify those logical errors present in the code that is affecting the animation’s functioning.
The tool Debug View Hierarchy helps you to inspect the view during the animation. You’ll be able to see the properties of the view at different phases of the animation including the constraints, frame, etc. Xcode offers another great tool, the Debug Memory graph. This tool examines the memory usage of the view during the animation and helps you identify performance issues like memory leaks. Some other examples of Xcode tools are the animation view hierarchy inspector, the time profiler, and the slow animations simulator.

What are the different Methodologies to test Animated Views in iOS?

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Check out the various testing methodologies. Each of these testing techniques plays a crucial role in ensuring that the animated views are tested rigorously.

Asynchronous Testing

Animations involve delays or callbacks which occur asynchronously. So, you need to conduct asynchronous testing while testing animated views. Take a look at the steps for asynchronous testing:
Step#1
Use XCTestExpectation, an in-built tool available in the XCTest framework in iOS. With this tool, you need to create an expectation for an asynchronous event. Also, set a timeout interval for this. Once you create the expectation for the animation’s completion and establish a timeout interval, the test will fail if the expectation doesn’t get fulfilled. Here’s an example!

let animationExpectation = XCTestExpectation(description: “Animation completed”)

// Start animation code here

// After the animation is completed, fulfill the expectation

animationCompletionHandler = {

animationExpectation.fulfill()

}

// Wait till the expectation gets fulfilled

wait(for: [animationExpectation], timeout: 5)

Step#2
Several iOS animation APIs contain completion handlers that get called after the animation gets completed. Testers use these completion handlers to conduct tests after the completion of the animation. Look at this example!

// Start animation code here

// At the end of the animation, perform the test

animationCompletionHandler = {

// Perform test here

}

Step#3
Certain animations might involve modification of the UI’s state; this needs to be carried out on the main thread. Here, you have to use dispatch queues. This way, you can execute the test code on the main thread after the animation completes. Take a look at how it happens!

// Start animation code here

// At the end of the animation, perform the test on the main queue

animationCompletionHandler = {

DispatchQueue.main.async {

// Perform test here

}

}

Manual Testing

Make sure that you conduct the testing on simulated as well as real devices. You need this process to check whether the animations will function as desired on every kind of device and OS version.
Manual testing involves interacting manually with the view and observing how the animation is behaving. This is how manual testing is carried out. Testers run the iOS application on either a device or in the iOS simulator. Then, they manually trigger the animation by interacting with the application. This way, you can find out animation issues like unexpected behavior or any glitches in its functioning. Remember, that the behavior of animations may be different on various devices and simulators. So, test animated views across different environments to get the best results.
I would also recommend you test animated views with real users and observe how they are interacting with the animations. You can do this by running a usability testing session or a user study. This way, you’ll receive much-needed user feedback regarding the animation of your iOS app, identify issues, and address them timely.

Automated Testing

Create automated tests for the animated views using testing frameworks like EarlGrey, XCUITest, or KIF for simulating user interactions and checking whether the animations behave as desired. Automated testing helps you to detect issues in the early phases of the developmental cycle. This testing approach also allows you to keep your animation functional while you modify the code.
Take a peek through the steps on how to test animated views using the tool XCUITest!
Step#1
Identify the view which contains the animation that needs to be tested. Also, identify the user interaction that triggers the animation.
Step#2
Write a test case that simulates the user interaction for triggering the animation. For instance, if an animation gets triggered with the pressing of a button, you need to create a test case to tap on that button.
Step#3
Once the animation gets triggered, verify the animation’s behavior using assertions. For instance, check the size, position, capacity, etc. of the view while the animation is taking place.
Step#4
Now, repeat the aforesaid steps using various scenarios like different animations or different user inputs.
Check out this example. Here, XCUITest is used to create a test case for a “button” animation.

func testButtonAnimation() {

let app = XCUIApplication()

app.launch()

let button = app.buttons[“myButton”]

button.tap()

// Verify the animation

let animationExpectation = expectation(description: “Button animation completed”)

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1.0) {

XCTAssertTrue(button.frame.origin.x > 0, “Button should move to the right during animation”)

animationExpectation.fulfill()

}

waitForExpectations(timeout: 2.0, handler: nil)

}

Concluding Views:

Testing animated views can become tricky at times as it involves dynamic & visual changes. So, you need to test animated views of your iOS app following the best practices and strategies. You can seek technical assistance from a professional mobile app development service that specializes in iOS app development; for getting the app development and testing process right.

How to Decide Between Android or iOS app Development for Your Project?

How to Decide Between Android or iOS app Development for Your Project?
In October 2020, Android and iOS jointly contributed to almost 99% of the global market share, as per a report shared by the renowned market research portal- Statista. Android alone contributed to 72.92% of the market due to its affordable costs and ease of use as compared to other platforms.
These staggering numbers indicate the huge popularity of Android and iOS platforms in the mobile app development world. But when it comes to developing the apps, the majority of businessmen and entrepreneurs find difficulty in choosing the right platform. Due to the lack of knowledge about each platforms, they prefer at times creating apps on both platforms; however, it is always smarter to initially go with one of them as it reduces risks and keeps the costs to the minimum.
So this blog will help you to gain insights on choosing the apt platform for your app. Through this blog, we will compare some significant factors like target audience, budget, features, timelines, and many more for both these platforms. It will help in making an informed decision. But before starting, let us have a quick look at the pros and cons of both.

Pros and Cons of Android App Development

Pros:
  • Hardware independent as Java is being used for development
  • Higher flexibility and fewer restrictions in this operating system
  • Wider community and user-base
  • Ready-made templates, plugins, etc. for easier design and development
  • Simpler app acceptance and release process while publishing
Cons:
  • A large number of devices having different screen sizes and resolutions
  • Complex and time-consuming testing process
  • Costlier due to extensive testing requirement and fragmentation
  • Security concerns

Pros and Cons of iOS App Development

Pros:
  • Outstanding performance and stability
  • Easy integration of devices
  • Intuitive user interface and user experience
  • High-class users leading to better revenue
Cons:
  • The stringent and difficult release process
  • Difficult customization due to the restrictions imposed by iOS
  • Smaller market share


Android or iOS App Development? Choosing the Best Platform for Your Business!


Target Audience

Where is your target audience located?
Usually, Android is preferred more in the developing nations while iOS is highly used in the developed nations. Android’s presence is much stronger in Asia, Latin America, Africa, etc. while iOS is dominant in North America, Western Europe, etc. So, to reach the global audience, businesses should consult Android app development services that have a global outreach.
Also consider factors like the average age of your audience, their income ranges, educational backgrounds, etc. The audience with higher incomes and better educational backgrounds tend to prefer technically advanced iOS devices. Younger customers focus more on in-app purchases while older customers are willing to buy the apps altogether.


Budgetary Constraints

Cost is one of the most significant considerations for mobile app development. It depends on the scope of the project, features to be embedded, complexity of the app, how many OS versions and devices are required, etc. So, at times, both iOS and Android app development can be equally expensive.
Yet, iOS app development is considered somewhat cheaper than Android. This is so because coding in iOS is comparatively easier. Android apps need to be written in Java which requires more writing than Swift language for iOS.
But when it comes to publishing the app, Android charges a one-time fee of $25 while iOS charges an annual fee of $99 for individual iOS app developers and $299 if a company publishes the app.


Features to be Embedded in the App

What features are you looking for to be integrated into your app?
If security and superb aesthetics is your priority, iOS is the perfect pick. But if you are looking for highly customizable apps that meet the end-users expectations, Android should be your choice.


Development Complexity

When it comes to the complexity of mobile app development, iOS is a clear winner over Android due to the difference in device fragmentation and programming language used.
iOS development is quicker than Android. In the case of Android, there are a host of devices like smartphones, tablets, etc. with diverse screen sizes available in the market. As a result, creating an Android app that is compatible with all of these, becomes a complex process.


Time-to-Market

How early do you want your app to be released in the market?
Well, as we already know, Android has a bit complex development process due to a variety of devices available. Also, an Android app needs to be tested on all such devices which again is a time-intensive process. So, comparatively, Android app developers need to do a lot of work increasing the time-to-market. Consequently, businesses who want their app to be out in the market at the earliest prefer iOS development.


Revenue Generation

To make your app lucrative, you need to choose the platform that will prove to be more profitable. Android has a bigger market share, however, iOS contributes to higher revenue generation. In 2017, Revenue generation for Apple Store was about $38.5 billion while for google play it was $20.1 billion. So, it is quite clear that iOS apps generate better revenue.

Key Takeaways:

Selection of the right platform plays a key role in the success of your app and your business. Both- Android and iOS platforms have their pros and cons and so, we cannot comment on whether one of them is a perfect choice. They have diverse purposes to serve. Android app development is a great pick if you aim to reach a broader market while iOS app development is perfect when your target audience belongs to a region where iOS devices are being used extensively and quality is your top-most priority. So, this decision depends completely on your business goals and the requirements of your target audience.
I hope the blog was insightful and will help you in the decision-making!
Feel free to share your thoughts, experiences, and queries with us in the comments.